Against the Hammer and Sickle
In the Communist Manifesto, Marx and Engels give 5 examples of proletarians: doctors, lawyers, poets, priests, and scientists - in that order. Of course, they don't claim that these are the only kinds of proletarians - they're just the only ones specified. It's interesting that, today, people tend to think that, in Marx's class analysis, doctors, lawyers, scientists, and so on are often thought of as "petit-bourgeois". This is quite inaccurate. (Perhaps a doctor who owns his own practice would be petit-bourgeois, but a doctor, who, let's say, works in a hospital - even if she is head of surgery - would be classified as proletarian.) So who are the petite bourgeoisie, then? Of course, there's a section of the Communist Manifesto that concerns that, as well. "In countries where modern civilisation has become fully developed, a new class of petty bourgeois has been formed, fluctuating between proletariat and bourgeoisie, and ever renewing i...