Romanticism and Bourgeois Values
Romanticism should be distinguished from Romance, which is an earlier form, arising in the medieval period - fanciful stories which usually involve marvelous events. Romanticism, as opposed to Romance, developed during the bourgeois era. Romanticism has a tangled, complex relation to bourgeois values. Perhaps strangely, romanticism is used to justify bourgeois values, but at the same time, it transcends bourgeois values, and indeed can be defined by way of that transcendence. Romanticism is best understood as the sublation of bourgeois values, or, as it is said in German, the Aufhebung (from the verb Aufheben ) of bourgeois values. Aufheben is sometimes translated as "abolition," but it literally means "to lift up," and this paradoxical ambiguity is the essence of the relation we are attempting to understand here. We can sum it up by saying that romanticism upholds bourgeois values precisely by violating them, or even by rejecting them altogether. To...